The renaissance began in Italy because they were very wealthy. Italy's contact with the middle east helped spawn the renaissance.

humanism- A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

secular- Denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis: "secular buildings".

vernacular- The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.

The crusades were when the kings sent his Christian soldiers to take back the holy land from the Muslims.

Feudalism was a political and economic system of Europe from the 9th to about the 15th century, based on the holding of all land in fief or fee and the resulting relation of lord to vassal and characterized by homage, legal and military service of tenants, and forfeiture. Castles showed power, and offered protection. This gave the lord a military.

King John the first. The barons made him sign it. It protected the kings power and protected the nobels rights.

The empire splitting in two, the continuous attacks from barbarians, and terrible emperors. The fall of Rome was in september of 476.

They were the first 5 roman emperors.

this means exactly what it says. Rome was the center of all the Roads and routes. it originated in Rome.

Plebeians- A member of the lower social classes in ancient rome.
SPQR- the senate and people of rome.
Patricians- An aristocrat or nobleman.

because the Greeks created the first democracy.